Phthalic Anhydride (PA) is mostly produced by selective oxidation of o-xylene fed as a gas. Because of the high exothermicity of the reaction, multitubular reactors cooled by molten salts are the standard technology. However, hot spots with associated reduced selectivity and catalyst deactivation are detriments in practical operation.

At room temperature, forms white crystal like flakes, when molten, it’s a clear liquid without sediment and turbidity.

Application:

• Alkyd resins
• Unsaturated polyester resins
• Base for coating and paints 
• Lacquers
• Detergents
• Fire retardants

Phthalic anhydride is the anhydride of phthalic acid. This colorless solid is an important industrial chemical, especially for the large–scale production of plasticizers for plastics. It is presently obtained by catalytic oxidation of ortho–xylene or naphthalene. Phthalic anhydride can also be prepared from phthalic acid.

Phthalic anhydride is a versatile intermediate in organic chemistry, in part because it is bifunctional and readily available. The primary use of phthalic anhydride (PA) is as a chemical intermediate in the production of plasticizers from polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

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Ethylene glycol is a colorless, practically odorless, low-volatility, low-viscosity, hygroscopic liquid. It is completely miscible with water and many organic liquids. Ethylene glycol is produced from ethylene, via the intermediate ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide reacts with water to produce ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol (Monoethylene Glycol) in its pure form, it is an odorless, colorless, syrupy liquid with a sweet taste.

Application:

• Chemical intermediates for resins
• Solvent couplers
• Freezing point depression solvents
• Humectants and chemical intermediates

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Acetic Acid is the product of the reaction between methanol and carbon monoxide at 185 °C and 27.5 bar pressure in a fluidized bed reactor with Rhodium containing complex catalyst and methyl iodide as promoter. 

Acetic acid is used in many industrial processes for the production of substrates and it is often used as a chemical reagent for the production of a number of chemical compounds like acetic anhydride, ester, vinyl acetate monomer, vinegar, and many other polymeric materials.

Application: 

• Latex in rubber industry
• Paint industry
• Silk and synthetic fibers

Acetic acid has been prepared on an industrial scale by air oxidation of acetaldehyde, by oxidation of ethanol (ethyl alcohol), and by oxidation of butane and butene. Today acetic acid is manufactured by a process developed by the chemical company Monsanto in the 1960s; it involves a rhodium-iodine catalyzed carbonylation of methanol (methyl alcohol).

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Melamine, a white crystalline powder composed of nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen. The compound -(C3N6H6) – was first synthesized by a German scientist in the 1830s, and commercial applications for melamine began to develop in the 1930s. Today, melamine is produced from natural gas, carbon dioxide, and urea in efficient, environmentally benign production plants, and is used worldwide in applications and products demanding its unique combination of physical qualities – including strength; color retention; moisture, stain and flame resistance; surface consistency and hardness; sound absorption; and transparency.

Application:

• Melamine is ideal for use in high-performance products like wood-based panels
• Laminates
• Coatings
• Molding powders 
• Flame-retardants
• Adhesive resins in the wood-processing industry
• Can be made into a foam product that can easily clean a wide variety of surfaces and substances

Melamine also plays a role in a wide range of flame resistant materials, including; upholstery textiles, intumescent paints, fabrics used in uniforms worn by firefighters and industrial workers, and a wide variety of residential, commercial, and industrial fire block materials.

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Diethylene Glycol (DEG) is an organic compound, it is a colorless, practically odorless, poisonous, and hygroscopic liquid with a sweetish taste. It is miscible in water, alcohol, ether, acetone, and ethylene glycol. Diethylene glycol is similar in properties to MEG (Mono Ethylene Glycol), but DEG has a higher boiling point, viscosity, and specific gravity.

DEG is produced by the partial hydrolysis of ethylene oxide. Depending on the conditions, varying amounts of DEG and related glycols are produced. The resulting product is two ethylene glycol molecules joined by an ether bond,

Application:

• Saturated and unsaturated polyurethanes resins
• Saturated and unsaturated polyester resins
• Plasticizers
• Organic synthesis as a building block
• Solvent for nitrocellulose, resins, dyes, oils, and other organic compounds

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